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Key terms defining Edo culture include “sakoku” (national isolation), “Genroku culture,” and “Bunka-Bunsei culture.” The Edo period (1603-1868) saw prolonged peace without war due to the sakoku policy, fostering the development of uniquely Japanese culture and commoner culture. Centered in Kyoto and Osaka, Genroku culture was a merchant culture. It was during this period that widely recognized traditional Japanese arts like haikai poetry and kabuki theater emerged. Meanwhile, the culture of the Bunka-Bunsei period (1804-1868) was rooted in Edo's commoner culture. Satirical works depicting daily life, such as ukiyo-e prints, gag books, and senryu poetry, became popular. Traditional crafts also flourished, created by artisans gathered from across the nation to work around Edo Castle.